

The wildest part to me is that the keys weren’t just weak, they were tiny — 4, 56, 66 — small enough to fit in a byte. That’s not degraded entropy, that’s a keygen path that returned a counter or a placeholder value instead of randomness at all. And since the public halves of those certs have been sitting in Certificate Transparency logs for years, anyone could’ve caught it by just testing small scalars against the published public keys — no nation-state budget needed to find them, only to quietly use them. The browser response was genuinely fast once it surfaced, but this was detectable the whole time. Makes you wonder how many other CAs have test values live in production that nobody’s ever bothered to scan for.
Host key warnings get ignored partly because tooling makes it so easy — half the CI configs I’ve seen run with strict host key checking off, and
accept-newsilently trusts whatever key shows up on first connect. And that’s the real weak spot here: TOFU only protects you from the second connection onward. On a first connection through a hostile exit node, the attacker just presents their own key, you pin the wrong one, and no warning ever fires. Ebury being the payload tracks too, that thing’s been harvesting SSH credentials for over a decade and the takedowns never seem to get everyone. Kind of impressive someone compromised 333 exits at once though, that’s over 10% of the network.