good response 👍 bad questioning though 👎 i have a nas, with a raid1 array split out with lvm for separate partitions and users on my server, holding 2x2tb ssd’s. This backs up every night to 2x8tb HDD’s. I have a script that i invoke on my machines manually, that runs rsync on important data, and a backup to the nas raid1 array, overwriting the previous invocation. the HDD’s hold out of sync versions running back to 2 months, which i can dip into any time to recover something. so if something does fail, i wont lose anything. I dont hold offsite backups, so if a nuke lands on my house, i will lose everything. Im comfortable with that level of risk, but i know some people arent. however the op wasnt specifically asking about data backup, they were asking about replication, and how to preserve the initial install and setup to be able to revert and replicate. there are better ways to achieve this than just cloning the disk. Build your own actual distro is the best solution and burn it to a usb as a live disk that is easily installed. or just save a list of packages and configs. cloning a disk is a huge amount of out of date data.

What sort of failure? A harddrive failure? I have never had a disk completely fail where every bit of data is unreadable.

For me that would be a waste of time. Just because my setup seems perfect today, tomorrow I might decide to make changes to accommodate a new task. My pc’s are living breathing machines that are always a day or 2 away from a slight tweak.

When I move to a new machine, I rarely want to replicate another machine I have as then I would have 2 machines setup for the same tasks. Each machine serves a different purpose so needs a different setup.

If I am replacing a machine, then I would transfer the physical disk itself. Only use clonezilla type tools for replacing a disk, as in replacing the sata SSD holding root with a new fast nvme.

It’s easy to transfer config files from one machine to another if you want to replicate some specific setups.

I enjoyed reading that. I agree with a lot of it.

I don’t fully understand what you are trying to do? Are you using an Ubuntu machine, and want to access the nas and win11 storage in your filesystem? If so, just use either samba or sshfs. Easy to setup up and mount into the Ubuntu machine.

Thank you for this! I didn’t realise this existed! I will activate it on my instance 👍

I believe Chinese reports just as much as when trump or Burnham or anybody else with a motive to manipulate information and present it as fact.

If you choose to believe other countries reports as unbiased and completely genuine, then 8 feel sorry for you.

It comes down to infrastructure more than anything. I’m guessing eastern EU countries haven’t invested as heavily as western countries. From the article, it sounds like anything Italy and east has minimal EV uptake. Doesn’t matter if it’s cheaper if there is nowhere to charge, or get the car serviced.

Nordic and Benelux markets remained Europe’s most electrified, led by Denmark at 80.1%, followed by Finland (52.6%), the Netherlands (47.3%), Belgium (42.8%) ​and Sweden (42.6%).

A 30% increase year on year is nothing to be sniffed at. There is substantial growth. I agree it needs to be better and faster, but still, it’s good.

You could say the same of any countries reporting. I wouldn’t specifically believe a word from the us, EU or UK without actually verifying it. The fact they are reporting it though shows they believe there is some positive impact. They know somebody will check, and if it’s total bs, it will be shown to be. Interesting to read about, but I will take the numbers and impact with a pinch of salt 👍

Setup a matrix or xmpp server for the messaging.

Welcome to the club! I too have an fyi tld!

I set my Lemmy instance a couple of weeks ago. But hosting isn’t new to me so wasn’t a huge hurdle.

That weather app still takes 5 seconds to load up, even with this new feature! That’s insane! It’s just the weather!

I have a python weather app on my linux desktop using 37mb. 1.6gb seems a tad excessive.

That map is in complete contradiction to Wikipedia? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus_sanguinis

im on a basic uk isp, with no fancy router, just the isp provided one. i have a fully exposed web server, im even hosting a lemmy server. Thats my domain, radiantfig.fyi, totally public, has been for nearly 2 years now. From that you can get my servers IP address. My IP is dynamic, changes roughly every 6 weeks. I have a ddns script that updates my server IP address to my domain name provider automatically. I have certbot running updating my TLS certs with lets encrypt, and if a cert dies or fails or is compromised, my server will refuse to serve. Everything is behind an nginx reverse proxy through port 443. I also have an ssh port open on a random port. Have fail2ban setup fairly aggressively to prevent brute force attacks, and have crowdsec which also kind of does the same but in a slightly different way. the internet requires ip addresses. to protect your ip address you have to give somebody elses. that somebody is a 3rd party you have no control or say on the decisions they make. i must have over 20 individual services that are public facing. 3 fully federated, lemmy, forgejo and matrix. Im as secure as any other website. nothing is unhackable, no matter how far down the rabbit hole you go. its all just layers of difficulty.

The important thing is dont listen to random internet people about security. dont listen to me. dont listen to anybody who tells you they know best. do your own research, understand the options, the risks, the compromises. only then do you put anything up. but if you are going to anxious or worried about your server and data, no amount of security guarantees you safety, so be warned.

A reverse proxy is the traditional safe route. Use a web server like Apache, nginx or caddy, and setup to reverse proxy all your services through port 443, and use let’s encrypt and certbot to generate and manage TLS certificates.

I host around 15 public facing web services this way using nginx.

Just be aware, this is very public facing so server security and hardening is important. Things like strong passwords, disabled root, use ssh keys instead of passwords, setup fail2ban, setup crowdsec etc.

The more modern safer way is not to truly expose to full public and use things like tailscale or cloudflare tunnels. But this relies on 3rd party servers and I’m not a fan of that, but it does bring benefits.

My Current Self-hosted Setup

Hardware

Server 1

• Trycoo / Peladn mini pc
• Intel n97 CPU
• Integrated GPU
• 32gb of 3200mt/s ddr4 (Upgraded from 16gb)
• 512nvme
• 2x 2tb ssd’s (Raid1 + LVM)
• Startech usb to sata cable
• Atolla 6 port powered usb 3.0 splitter
• 2x 8tb hdd’s
• 2 bay usb 3.0 Fideco dock
• Each 8tb HDD is split into 2 equal size partitions, making 4 x 4tb partitions
• Each night, the 2tb SSD array backups to the alternating first partition of the HDD’s .
• Each 1st of the month, the 2tb SSD array backups to the alternating 2nd partition of the HDD’s .

Server 2

• Raspberry pi 4b
• 32gb SD card
• 4gb ram

Services

Server 1

• Nginx web server / reverse proxy
• Fail2ban
• Crowdsec
• Valutwarden
  Bit warden reimplantation for storing credentials
• Forgejo
  Remote federated git
• rs_maps
  Simplified Google Maps replacement, with tagging and GPX creation.
• Matrix / Continuwuity
  Federated IM protocol
• Immich
  Google Photos replacement
  External libraries only
  4 users
• Radicale
  Calender and contacts
• Lemmy
  Federated replacement for Reddit
• Navidrome
  Spotify replacement
  2 users
• Adguard home
  1st instance
  Provides Network wide DNS filtering and DHCP server
• Unbound
  Provides recursive DNS
• Go-notes
  Rich Text formatting, live, real time multi-user notes app
• FMD
  Find my device
• Transmission
  Torrent client
• PIA VPN
  Network Namespace script to isolate PIA & Transmission
• Searxng
  Meta search engine - integrates with Go-llama
• StirlingPDF
  PDF editor
• File browser
  This is in maintenance mode only so I am planning to migrate to File Browser Quantum soon
• Syncthing
  Syncs 3 android and 1 apple phone for immich
• Custom rsync backup script
• Darkstat
  Real time Network statistics

Server 2

• Fail2ban
• Crowdsec
• Honeygain
  Generates a tiny passive income
  I’m UK based and in the last 6 months it has produced £15
• Adguard home
• 2nd instance
  Provides Network wide DNS filtering and DHCP server
• Unbound
  Provides recursive DNS
• Custom DDNS update script

Overview

Been running this hardware setup since July 2025, although a couple of services have been added in that time. All works really well and has minimal maintenance as everything is fully automated with scripts. -