• Shadow@lemmy.ca
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      11 months ago

      Watch the video. It just means external to the CPU, not an external device.

      They demo the attack on a Lenovo laptop in the first minute of the video.

      Edit: nm I just realized that was a 10 year old laptop and they’re in all the modern procs. I’m a lot less impressed now.

      Sounds like intel has external and amd internal with their ftpm?

      • Lazarus@kbin.social
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        11 months ago

        Many systems still use discrete tpms. Just because the CPU has a virtual tpm function doesn’t mean it’s used

      • Lee Duna@lemmy.nzOP
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        11 months ago

        fTPM has a bug, don’t know if it’s fixed

        https://www.techspot.com/news/93684-amd-promises-fix-ftpm-issue-causes-stuttering-freezes.html

        Veracrypt also doesn’t recommend using encryption that relies on TPMs

        Some encryption programs use TPM to prevent attacks. Will VeraCrypt use it too? No. Those programs use TPM to protect against attacks that require the attacker to have administrator privileges, or physical access to the computer, and the attacker needs you to use the computer after such an access. However, if any of these conditions is met, it is actually impossible to secure the computer (see below) and, therefore, you must stop using it (instead of relying on TPM).

        If the attacker has administrator privileges, he can, for example, reset the TPM, capture the content of RAM (containing master keys) or content of files stored on mounted VeraCrypt volumes (decrypted on the fly), which can then be sent to the attacker over the Internet or saved to an unencrypted local drive (from which the attacker might be able to read it later, when he gains physical access to the computer).

        https://veracrypt.eu/en/FAQ.html

        Let’s assume the attackers were law enforcers

    • Shurimal@kbin.social
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      11 months ago

      The MSI mini-PC-s for office/business use have separate TPM modules on their mobos. I wouldn’t be surprised if other mfg-s do this too.

  • peopleproblems@lemmy.world
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    11 months ago

    Very end of the article explains you need access to the TPM communication hardware, which no longer occurs external to Intel and And cpus

    • massive_bereavement@kbin.social
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      11 months ago

      To *newer Intel and AMD cpus and only certain models.

      There’s a lot of current hardware that uses embedded TPMs. It also depends on the communication path between the CPU and the module, but chances are it will be clear text and in some, via LPC.

    • amenotef@lemmy.world
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      11 months ago

      So offline (external) bitlocker drives that are unlocked with the key only.

      Or internal bitlocker drives that are unlocked with AMD fTPM are excluded from this exploit?

  • tias@discuss.tchncs.de
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    11 months ago

    I thought the point of the TPM was that the keys would be kept internally to the TPM at all times and that any data lanes would only be used for transferring payload. Why are they sending keys between the TPM and the CPU?

    • Squire1039@lemm.ee
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      11 months ago

      There are some functions like that, like Passkey signing. For Bitlocker, the encryption/decryption key is transferred to the CPU (and RAM) in order for it to operate. The problem described here has been around for a while, but putting it on a key like that makes the attack method available to “everyone”. There has been a solution for a while too: 1) put in pre-boot Bitlocker PIN, and 2) use integrated TPM like the article mentions.

    • jet@hackertalks.com
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      11 months ago

      Because the CPU has to decrypt the bulk of the data coming from the disc. And it needs a key to do that. Unless we route all traffic through the TPM to decrypt the disc. The CPU needs a key to do that

      • tias@discuss.tchncs.de
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        11 months ago

        Surely some smart key exchange algorithm could be used for that, e.g. the CPU provides a public key to the TPM and the TPM encrypts the symmetric disk key with that public key. Similar to how TLS works.

        • xradeon@lemmy.one
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          11 months ago

          The private key would have to stored in clear text somewhere. Potentially if you had non volatile space on cpu that to store the private key, that might work. But if you’re going to do that, might as well just use an ftpm.

          • jet@hackertalks.com
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            11 months ago

            Right and not to mention pairing the cpu and tpm for key exchange to avoid mitm attacks…

            • xradeon@lemmy.one
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              11 months ago

              You can’t do that since vulnerability is the connection between the TPM and the CPU, you need to encrypt that path.

              • laughterlaughter@lemmy.world
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                11 months ago

                The TPM comes out from the factory with a private key stored in it. The CPU has the public key.

                You turn on the laptop for the first time, and the communication between the CPU and the TPM is encrypted from the start.

                That’s what I’m referring to. Can’t this be done? I’m guessing it’s not that easy because I’m sure computer designers have already considered this idea.

              • Lojcs@lemm.ee
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                11 months ago

                Pretty sure they meant if you need to keep a persistent public/private pair you can keep them in the tpm and initiate the exchange from there

                • laughterlaughter@lemmy.world
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                  11 months ago

                  That’s correct. I’m guessing if it hasn’t been implemented yet, then there is some technical roadblock I’m currently missing.

          • Lojcs@lemm.ee
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            11 months ago

            Just generate one anew. You don’t need to use the same one each time

            • xradeon@lemmy.one
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              11 months ago

              What do you mean by that? Generate a new private/public key pair every time you setup a new TPM? Or when you boot the system or something?

              • Lojcs@lemm.ee
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                11 months ago

                On each connection. Or boot. Whenever you need

                Edit: to be clear, this would still be vulnerable to mitm attacks without a user entered password on top but at least you can’t just read the secrets from the bus. E2: And having a password wouldn’t be fully secure without such a scheme neither

    • baseless_discourse@mander.xyz
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      11 months ago

      LUKS is still vulnerable to this attack if you enable autodecrypt using TPM. This attack is based on the vulnerability that the CPU and TPM communicates uses plain text. And it is a pretty common attack against TPM:

      https://dolosgroup.io/blog/2021/7/9/from-stolen-laptop-to-inside-the-company-network

      SPI is a communication protocol for embedded systems and is extremely common amongst virtually all hardware. Due to its simplicity, there is no encryption option for SPI. Any encryption must be handled by the devices themselves. At the time of this writing BitLocker does not utilize any encrypted communication features of the TPM 2.0 standard, which means any data coming out of the TPM is coming out in plaintext, including the decryption key for Windows

      And apparently Linux is not doing too hot on this regard either:

      https://www.secura.com/blog/tpm-sniffing-attacks-against-non-bitlocker-targets

      As we can see, parameter encryption simply isn’t used in practice, and except for safeboot none of the solutions enforce PIN/MFA by default.

      However, this attack is not viable for device with firmware based solution, like fTPM, Microsoft Pluton, secure enclave etc. in these case TPM is part of the cpu, hence have no exposed pins to sniff their connection.


      So if you don’t want people with physical access to your computer (a thief or a evil maiden) to access everything on your disk, don’t setup TPM auto decrypt.

    • HelloHotel@lemm.ee
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      11 months ago

      I wondered why LUUUUUKS didnt use the TPM, why do i have to put my password in… this is absolutely why.

      Edit: fixed spelling of LUUUUUKS

  • chairman@feddit.nl
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    11 months ago

    Question: if I have an bitlocker encrypted SSD in a modern computer with embedded TPM, can I move this SSD to an old computer with external TPM to sniff the cod this way? Be gentle. I am dumb. Thanks.

  • Petter1@lemm.ee
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    11 months ago

    Finally, we can install Linux on your corporate pc or grab some RAM from it 😂😂😂

    • Shadow@lemmy.ca
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      11 months ago

      You’re being downvoted because this is a hardware problem and not Microsoft’s fault.

      Just look at the Xbox one mod chip scene and you’ll see MS can do security perfectly well.

      • Refurbished Refurbisher@lemmy.sdf.org
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        11 months ago

        Yeah. I hate Microsoft as a company, and I hate how they inject advertising, inconsistent design, no good centralixed package manager (TBF, they’re fixing that with winget, but only kind of; not sure if there’s a way to add additional repositories), etc.

        But they do have damn good security. After the OG Xbox became the legendary homebrew console that it did, Microsoft beefed up security massively with the Xbox 360’s software. What they didn’t do quite as well was beef up hardware security, although the last model of the Xbox 360 (Winchester) has yet to be hacked. The JTAG hack was patched with a firmware update, but then it was found that through a timed glitching attack, you could force memcmp to return true, and if the timing is off, you can reboot the console via glitcher chip or SMC if using RGH 3 and try again.

        With the Xbox One, there was a priviledge escillation bug in Dev Mode that to this day has been pretty underutilized, but other than that, it’s been fairly rock solid. There is another point to why, though. Microsoft realised the power of homebrew, especially after Sony made the mistake of removing OtherOS from all PS3 models, and then it got hacked shortly after. So they included (sold you) a way to run UWP apps using a sandboxed environment called Dev Mode. This leaves less of a desire for hackers to attempt exploiting the console’s retail mode, since they have almost the same resources that games have (still weaker, though).

        • PM_Your_Nudes_Please@lemmy.world
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          11 months ago

          Not the Xbox One. The 360 had some wild mod chips back in the day, which actually required drilling into the CPU at a specific spot to cut some internal contacts. Basically, the 360 used a physical connection between two pins on the CPU for security. So the modchip required drilling into the CPU, to sever that connection and allow the modchip to inject its own code instead. That’s when MS (mostly) realized that relying on physical connections for security was a bad idea, because an end user has physical access to the device.

    • Lee Duna@lemmy.nzOP
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      11 months ago

      You are not really wrong, TPM was designed by Trusted Computing Group consisting of big tech companies like M$, IBM, AMD, Intel, Cisco and HP.