Ban USA politics from this sub please

1080p buffered generously but it worked :) The sweet spot was having it transcode to 720p (yay hardware acceleration). I wasn’t sharing it with anyone at the time, so it was just me watching at work on one phone while using my second phone at home for internet.

Just about anything as long as you don’t need to serve it to hundreds of people simultaneously. Hell, I once hosted Jellyfin over a 3G hotpot and it managed.

Pretty much any web-based app will work fine. Streaming servers (Emby, Plex, Jellyfin, etc) work fine for a few simultaneous people as long as you’re not trying to push 4K or something. 1080p can work fine at 4 Mbps or less (transcoding is your friend here). Chat servers (Matrix, XMPP, etc) are also a good candidate.

I hosted everything I wanted with 30 Mbps upload before I got symmetric fiber.

Maybe I should flesh it out into an actual guide. The Nepenthes docs are “meh” at best and completely gloss over integrating it into your stack.

You’ll also need to give it corpus text to generate slop from. I used transcripts from 4 or 5 weird episodes of Voyager (let’s be honest: shit got weird on Voyager lol), mixed with some Jack Handy quotes and a few transcripts of Married…with Children episodes.

https://content.dubvee.org/ is where that bot traffic lands up if you want to see what I’m feeding them.

Thanks!

Mostly there’s three steps involved:

1. Setup Nepenthes to receive the traffic
2. Perform bot detection on inbound requests (I use a regex list and one is provided below)
3. Configure traffic rules in your load balancer / reverse proxy to send the detected bot traffic to Nepenthes instead of the actual backend for the service(s) you run.

Here’s a rough guide I commented a while back: https://dubvee.org/comment/5198738

Here’s the post link at lemmy.world which should have that comment visible: https://lemmy.world/post/40374746

You’ll have to resolve my comment link on your instance since my instance is set to private now, but in case that doesn’t work, here’s the text of it:

So, I set this up recently and agree with all of your points about the actual integration being glossed over.

I already had bot detection setup in my Nginx config, so adding Nepenthes was just changing the behavior of that. Previously, I had just returned either 404 or 444 to those requests but now it redirects them to Nepenthes.

Rather than trying to do rewrites and pretend the Nepenthes content is under my app’s URL namespace, I just do a redirect which the bot crawlers tend to follow just fine.

There’s several parts to this to keep my config sane. Each of those are in include files.

• An include file that looks at the user agent, compares it to a list of bot UA regexes, and sets a variable to either 0 or 1. By itself, that include file doesn’t do anything more than set that variable. This allows me to have it as a global config without having it apply to every virtual host.

• An include file that performs the action if a variable is set to true. This has to be included in the server portion of each virtual host where I want the bot traffic to go to Nepenthes. If this isn’t included in a virtual host’s server block, then bot traffic is allowed.

• A virtual host where the Nepenthes content is presented. I run a subdomain (content.mydomain.xyz). You could also do this as a path off of your protected domain, but this works for me and keeps my already complex config from getting any worse. Plus, it was easier to integrate into my existing bot config. Had I not already had that, I would have run it off of a path (and may go back and do that when I have time to mess with it again).

The map-bot-user-agents.conf is included in the http section of Nginx and applies to all virtual hosts. You can either include this in the main nginx.conf or at the top (above the server section) in your individual virtual host config file(s).

The deny-disallowed.conf is included individually in each virtual hosts’s server section. Even though the bot detection is global, if the virtual host’s server section does not include the action file, then nothing is done.

Files

# Map bot user agents
## Sets the $ua_disallowed variable to 0 or 1 depending on the user agent. Non-bot UAs are 0, bots are 1

map $http_user_agent $ua_disallowed {
    default 		0;
    "~PerplexityBot"	1;
    "~PetalBot"		1;
    "~applebot"		1;
    "~compatible; zot"	1;
    "~Meta"		1;
    "~SurdotlyBot"	1;
    "~zgrab"		1;
    "~OAI-SearchBot"	1;
    "~Protopage"	1;
    "~Google-Test"	1;
    "~BacklinksExtendedBot" 1;
    "~microsoft-for-startups" 1;
    "~CCBot"		1;
    "~ClaudeBot"	1;
    "~VelenPublicWebCrawler"	1;
    "~WellKnownBot"	1;
    #"~python-requests"	1;
    "~bitdiscovery"	1;
    "~bingbot"		1;
    "~SemrushBot" 	1;
    "~Bytespider" 	1;
    "~AhrefsBot" 	1;
    "~AwarioBot"	1;
#    "~Poduptime" 	1;
    "~GPTBot" 		1;
    "~DotBot"	 	1;
    "~ImagesiftBot"	1;
    "~Amazonbot"	1;
    "~GuzzleHttp" 	1;
    "~DataForSeoBot" 	1;
    "~StractBot"	1;
    "~Googlebot"	1;
    "~Barkrowler"	1;
    "~SeznamBot"	1;
    "~FriendlyCrawler"	1;
    "~facebookexternalhit" 1;
    "~*(?i)(80legs|360Spider|Aboundex|Abonti|Acunetix|^AIBOT|^Alexibot|Alligator|AllSubmitter|Apexoo|^asterias|^attach|^BackDoorBot|^BackStreet|^BackWeb|Badass|Bandit|Baid|Baiduspider|^BatchFTP|^Bigfoot|^Black.Hole|^BlackWidow|BlackWidow|^BlowFish|Blow|^BotALot|Buddy|^BuiltBotTough|
^Bullseye|^BunnySlippers|BBBike|^Cegbfeieh|^CheeseBot|^CherryPicker|^ChinaClaw|^Cogentbot|CPython|Collector|cognitiveseo|Copier|^CopyRightCheck|^cosmos|^Crescent|CSHttp|^Custo|^Demon|^Devil|^DISCo|^DIIbot|discobot|^DittoSpyder|Download.Demon|Download.Devil|Download.Wonder|^dragonfl
y|^Drip|^eCatch|^EasyDL|^ebingbong|^EirGrabber|^EmailCollector|^EmailSiphon|^EmailWolf|^EroCrawler|^Exabot|^Express|Extractor|^EyeNetIE|FHscan|^FHscan|^flunky|^Foobot|^FrontPage|GalaxyBot|^gotit|Grabber|^GrabNet|^Grafula|^Harvest|^HEADMasterSEO|^hloader|^HMView|^HTTrack|httrack|HTT
rack|htmlparser|^humanlinks|^IlseBot|Image.Stripper|Image.Sucker|imagefetch|^InfoNaviRobot|^InfoTekies|^Intelliseek|^InterGET|^Iria|^Jakarta|^JennyBot|^JetCar|JikeSpider|^JOC|^JustView|^Jyxobot|^Kenjin.Spider|^Keyword.Density|libwww|^larbin|LeechFTP|LeechGet|^LexiBot|^lftp|^libWeb|
^likse|^LinkextractorPro|^LinkScan|^LNSpiderguy|^LinkWalker|msnbot|MSIECrawler|MJ12bot|MegaIndex|^Magnet|^Mag-Net|^MarkWatch|Mass.Downloader|masscan|^Mata.Hari|^Memo|^MIIxpc|^NAMEPROTECT|^Navroad|^NearSite|^NetAnts|^Netcraft|^NetMechanic|^NetSpider|^NetZIP|^NextGenSearchBot|^NICErs
PRO|^niki-bot|^NimbleCrawler|^Nimbostratus-Bot|^Ninja|^Nmap|nmap|^NPbot|Offline.Explorer|Offline.Navigator|OpenLinkProfiler|^Octopus|^Openfind|^OutfoxBot|Pixray|probethenet|proximic|^PageGrabber|^pavuk|^pcBrowser|^Pockey|^ProPowerBot|^ProWebWalker|^psbot|^Pump|python-requests\/|^Qu
eryN.Metasearch|^RealDownload|Reaper|^Reaper|^Ripper|Ripper|Recorder|^ReGet|^RepoMonkey|^RMA|scanbot|SEOkicks-Robot|seoscanners|^Stripper|^Sucker|Siphon|Siteimprove|^SiteSnagger|SiteSucker|^SlySearch|^SmartDownload|^Snake|^Snapbot|^Snoopy|Sosospider|^sogou|spbot|^SpaceBison|^spanne
r|^SpankBot|Spinn4r|^Sqworm|Sqworm|Stripper|Sucker|^SuperBot|SuperHTTP|^SuperHTTP|^Surfbot|^suzuran|^Szukacz|^tAkeOut|^Teleport|^Telesoft|^TurnitinBot|^The.Intraformant|^TheNomad|^TightTwatBot|^Titan|^True_Robot|^turingos|^TurnitinBot|^URLy.Warning|^Vacuum|^VCI|VidibleScraper|^Void
EYE|^WebAuto|^WebBandit|^WebCopier|^WebEnhancer|^WebFetch|^Web.Image.Collector|^WebLeacher|^WebmasterWorldForumBot|WebPix|^WebReaper|^WebSauger|Website.eXtractor|^Webster|WebShag|^WebStripper|WebSucker|^WebWhacker|^WebZIP|Whack|Whacker|^Widow|Widow|WinHTTrack|^WISENutbot|WWWOFFLE|^
WWWOFFLE|^WWW-Collector-E|^Xaldon|^Xenu|^Zade|^Zeus|ZmEu|^Zyborg|SemrushBot|^WebFuck|^MJ12bot|^majestic12|^WallpapersHD)" 1;

}

# Deny disallowed user agents
if ($ua_disallowed) { 
    # This redirects them to the Nepenthes domain. So far, pretty much all the bot crawlers have been happy to accept the redirect and crawl the tarpit continuously 
	return 301 https://content.mydomain.xyz/;
}

I was blocking them but decided to shunt their traffic to Nepenthes instead. There’s usually 3-4 different bots thrashing around in there at any given time.

If you have the resources, I highly recommend it.

Most of the requirements are going to be for the database, and that depends on:

1. How many active users you expect
2. How many large rooms you or your users join

I left many of the large Matrix spaces I was in, and mine is now mostly just 1:1 chats or a group chat with a handful of friends. Given that low-usage case, I can run my server on a Pi 3 with 4 GB of RAM quite comfortably. I don’t do that in practice, but I do have that setup as a backup server - it periodically syncs the database from my main server - and works fine. The bottleneck there, really, is the SD card storage since I didn’t want an external SSD hanging off of it.

Even when I was active in several large Matrix spaces/rooms, a USFF Optiplex with a quad core i5, 8 GB of RAM, and a 500GB SSD was more than enough to run it comfortably alongside some other services like LibreTranslate.

I disabled local thumbnail generation almost a year ago, and things mostly work the same.

Instead of a local thumbnail image URL for things like news articles that get posted, it will be the direct URL value from the og:image metadata from the source. Usually those load fine, but sometimes they don’t due to CORS settings on their side. Probably only 1-2% of posts have issues, though.

For image posts that come in via federation, (memes, pics, etc), the thumbnail image URL is the same as the post URL. In other words, you’re loading the full res version in the feed. Since I use a web client that has “card view”, this actually works out better, visually. YMMV whether that’s a drawback for you.

The only pitfall is that you will lose thumbnails for image posts if an instance goes offline or shuts down.

I’m sure that does increase load slightly on other instances, but no more than if the remote instance had image proxying turned on. And the full-res version always has to load from the remote instance (even if you have local thumbnail generation enabled). All in all, I’d say the additional load is acceptable given the benefits of disabling local thumbnail generation.

To mitigate that, in my case anyway, I have my own image proxy/cache in place. My default UI is Tesseract and it’s configured with the image proxy/cache on by default… (I think I saw that Photon is also working on something similar). In this configuration, the first person to scroll past a remote image fetches it directly (via the proxy/cache) and it’s now available locally in the cache for everyone else (unless they’re connecting with a different client that doesn’t use Tesseract’s proxy). Granted, I shutdown my instance last year and it’s just now a private testbed for development, but when I did have daily active users (plural), the proxy cache helped.

Now the only images my instance stores are ones that are uploaded locally.

Why did I disable local thumbnails?

• I closed up my instance and didn’t want potentially problematic thumbnails being generated while I wasn’t actively modding it
• Generated thumbnails go in, but they don’t go out. There’s no way to clean them up later other than the ephemerally generated ones (if someone requests a version in a custom size, for example)
• Increasing storage costs. Like, I’d be scrolling the feed and see some of the dumbest shitposts while constantly thinking “Ugh, this is costing me money to store a copy”.

Other Republican politicians, including former President Donald Trump, also criticized the show as inappropriate.

1. If only
2. USA Today needs to either use a better model or just get rid of the AI-generated key point summary.

Somewhere between 35 and 39, but yeah. Not sure how old she was when we got her (fully grown), but I was 5 or 6 then and was 40 when she passed. Have to assume it was just old age Always called her “Horse, of Course” lol

Sorry to hear. How old was he? My family had a horse since I was like 5 or 6. She hated being ridden but would follow you around like a dog. She died year-before-last at, I believe, age 39.

FYI: I moved the allow rule for DNS to the top of the chain, so that should fix problems with DNS providers not being able to reach the authoritative name servers.

Ugh. Thanks. It’s quite possible, though maybe just a regional one? I did inadvertently block one of the IPs Let’s Encrypt uses for secondary validation, so this may be another case of that.

I get a shitload of bad traffic from the southeast Asia area (mostly Philippines/Singapore AWS) and have taken to blanket blocking their whole routes rather than constantly playing whack-a-mole. Fail2ban only goes so far for case-by-case.

Here’s the image from the meme from an alternate source:

Your IP may unfortunately be inside a CIDR block that largely does nothing but spam my infrastructure with script kiddie tomfoolery. Firewall rules apply to my authoritative DNS servers as well.

Edit: If you would like me to whitelist it, DM me your IP and I’ll add a narrow exception.

Atkinson Hyperlegible is my new jam. I’m dyslexic and it helps tremendously even though that’s not its primary goal. It also looks a lot better than OpenDyslexic which I used to use.

Loaded “Hyperlegible” onto my Kobo, the reader app on my phone, and set it as the default font on my desktop environment.

Also added it as an option in Tesseract UI (which I swear I’ll be releasing “soon”).

When some rich, Walt Disney-type buys an island and fills it with supercomputers in order to clone a park full of extinct Amy Winehouses?

Find a USB stick in the parking lot? Don’t plug it into your PC and probably destroy it with fire.

Find a USB stick while digging in the park? Plug that baby in, jam to some Back to Black, and watch some vintage porn.

Basically the only thing you want to present with a challenge is the paths/virtual hosts for the web frontends.

Anything /api/v3/ is client-to-server API (i.e. how your client talk to your instance) and needs to be obstruction-free. Otherwise, clients/apps won’t be able to use the API. Same for /pictrs since that proxies through Lemmy and is a de-facto API endpoint (even though it’s a separate component).

Federation traffic also needs to be exempt, but it’s not based on routes but by the HTTP Accept request header and request method.

Looking at the Nginx proxy config, there’s this mapping which tells Nginx how to route inbound requests:

nginx_internal.conf: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LemmyNet/lemmy-ansible/main/templates/nginx_internal.conf

    map "$request_method:$http_accept" $proxpass {
        # If no explicit matches exists below, send traffic to lemmy-ui
        default "http://lemmy-ui:1234/";

        # GET/HEAD requests that accepts ActivityPub or Linked Data JSON should go to lemmy.
        #
        # These requests are used by Mastodon and other fediverse instances to look up profile information,
        # discover site information and so on.
        "~^(?:GET|HEAD):.*?application\/(?:activity|ld)\+json" "http://lemmy:8536/";

        # All non-GET/HEAD requests should go to lemmy
        #
        # Rather than calling out POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, CONNECT and all the verbs manually
        # we simply negate the GET|HEAD pattern from above and accept all possibly $http_accept values
        "~^(?!(GET|HEAD)).*:" "http://lemmy:8536/";

It kinda can but not as easily.

Back when I just downloaded everything under the sun on Napster/Limewire, I’d make highly curated CDs of known-hits as well as ones where I sprinkle in some random songs that were in my downloads that I’d never heard before. Not exactly the same, but I’ve definitely listened to a CD I made and been like “what’s that song?! I love it!”.

Plus, for road trips, everyone would usually burn a CD or two of their own to swap in (a precursor to “pass the aux cord”) so there was some novelty/variety.

Nothing hits better on a drive than a good mixed CD. Even making a playlist on your phone, which is basically the same thing, is totally not the same.